MAC lung disease is an infection caused a group of bacteria called Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAC includes two closely related species, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, and may also be referred to as MAI. MAC is one of a large group of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and the most common cause of NTM lung disease in the U.S.
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MAC organisms are common in soil and water and are easily inhaled during daily activities. Most of the time they cause no harm, but they can cause infection in groups with certain risk factors. These groups include people living with lung disease such as bronchiectasisandCOPD, and people with a weakened immune system because of an autoimmune disorder or medical treatment such as drugs that compromise immunity. Postmenopausal women and people over 65 years old are also more likely to develop MAC lung disease than the general public.
Key Facts
- MAC infection is a serious condition that can cause damage to the lungs.
- MAC infection is not contagious.
- Common signs and symptoms of MAC lung disease include fatigue, chronic cough, shortness of breath, night sweats, coughing up blood and weight loss. Symptoms may persist or worsen despite being treated for another lung condition.
- MAC lung disease diagnosis includes a clinical exam, a chest x-ray or CT scan and a lab culture of sputum from your lungs.
- MAC lung disease treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics taken over an extended period of time.
- In addition to lung disease, MAC can also cause an infection that spreads throughout the body, usually in people with advanced AIDS, called disseminated MAC disease, as well as a swelling in the lymph nodes called lymphadenitis that is most common in young children.
For more information about MAC lung disease symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, see our pages on nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.
Development of this educational content was supported by a collaborative sponsorship from Insmed Incorporated.
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MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years
Title
Authors
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
Spring 3-25-2021
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern. In addition to the already known complications and comorbidities associated with obesity, data suggest that obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of liver disease.1,2 However, there is a paucity of data regarding the clinical correlation of obesity and cirrhosis in a predominantly Hispanic population of South Texas. The aim of this systematic literature review is to investigate the prevalence of cirrhosis stratified by obesity in Hispanic populations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed was used to perform a thorough literature search. The terms liver cirrhosis and obesity were combined with the subheading's epidemiology, genetics, and complications. The articles generated were then filtered by human species, full text, and date range 2000-2020.
RESULTS
Obesity is an independent risk factor for developing cirrhosis in Hispanic populations and increases the morbidity and mortality burden in this demographic. Therefore, it is reasonable to extrapolate and estimate similar trends in American towns across the US-Mexican border. Studies have found that an increased prevalence of cirrhosis in Hispanics in South Texas compared to the general US population.
DISCUSSION
There is an increased prevalence of cirrhosis in Hispanics compared to other races/ethnicities in the United States. Moreover, obesity increases the risk of developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. It is important to establish the relationship between obesity and liver cirrhosis in Hispanics living in South Texas to properly allocate resources to further alleviate the burden of disease.
Recommended Citation
Perlick, Alexa; Thompson, Abaigeal; Wayne, Colton; Rendon, Angel; and Campo Maldonado, Jose, 'Prevalence of Liver Cirrhosis and Its Association with Obesity Among Hispanics and Mexican Americans: An Evidence Synthesis' (2021). MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years. 42.
https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/som9331/42
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Liver Mac Os Download
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Internal Medicine
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